Knowledge is a complex concept.  It is more than just “knowing” something.  Certainty distinguishes knowledge from belief.  Beliefs are not always certain, because they don’t always have enough evidence to support them.  These beliefs are often what form each individual’s mental map, which is their perception of the world.

            There are 4 general ways of knowing certainty is broken down into.  These ways can be used as coherence, to decide whether a belief is reasonable.  The first way is language; which is to acquire knowledge through people, by way of speech.  The second way is perception, knowledge based on personal experience.  Although this can be as firm evidence, the best way of knowing is the third way; reason.  Reason provides logic, and rationalism to prove a point.  The last way is emotion.  Emotion is relative to individual people.  Judgment could be considered to be part of emotion, since all people view things in different ways.  Having an open- mind is a good aspect of good judgment.  When one is open to and willing to adapt to new ideas, conventions and emotions begin to change.  One begins to start thinking differently, feeling differently about things, and so on.  Skepticism on the other hand keeps things the same, and does not allow new knowledge to come about.  With that said, one should not be gullible either, by just believing what is seen or heard.

            Another widely accepted form of knowledge is common sense.  Common sense is pieces of information that have been proven to be true multiple times, or that should be “common sense…”, what you should do a certain situation.  For example, if the television remote was not working, the sensible thing to do would be to change the batteries.   

Hopefully this letter gave some insight on human forms of knowledge, good luck with your invasion.